Dimensional Analysis

Dimensional analysis is a powerful tool for converting units within and between measuring systems. Keeping track of the 'units' in an equation assures some confidence in the numeric outcome.


Conversion factors come from basic relationships such as:

English 12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard 5280 ft = 1 mile
SI system 1 km = 1000 m 1m = 100 cm 1 cm = 10 mm
English to SI system 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 pound = 454 g 1 quart = .95 liters

From these a conversion factor can be created that is used in the original problem to obtain the units desired.

English units:

12 inches   1 foot     1 yard     3 feet   5280 ft 1 mile
1 foot 12 inches 3 feet 1 yard 1 mile 5280 ft

SI units:

1000 m     1 km        1 m     100 cm 1000 mm   1 cm     10 mm  
1 km 1000 m 100 cm 1 m 1 m 10 mm 1 cm

English to SI units:

   1 inch       1 pound     1 quart   100 cm 1000 mm   1 cm     10 mm  
2.54 cm 454 g .95 liters 1 m 1 m 10 mm 1 cm

Example of an English system single conversion:


108 inches = ?? feet 108 in   x   1 foot   =   ______ feet
12 in
 
units 'cancel' 108 in   x   1 foot   =   ______ feet
12 in
 
evaluate 108   x   1 foot   =   9 feet
12

Example of a SI unit double conversion:

2.47 km = ?? mm 2.47 km   x   1000 m   x   1000 mm   =   ______ mm
1 km 1 m
 
units 'cancel' 2.47 km   x   1000 m   x   1000 mm   =   ______ mm
1 km 1 m
 
evaluate 2.47   x   1000   x   1000 mm   =   2,470,000 mm
1 1